Sunday, January 8, 2023

Lockport Flight, Erie Canal Locks (#34+#35 and #67-#71) and 3.4mw powerhouse in Lockport, NY

Locks: (HAERSatellite, 332 photos)
Erie Canal Discovery Center: (Satellite, 365 photos)

Erie Canal overview

While studying a steel+uranium+thorium mill, I noticed that a town named Lockport does have locks. And when I saw that it had flights of five historic locks and of two modern locks, it occurred to me that this must be where the Erie Canal crossed the Niagara Escarpment. The flights raise the canal 60'.
The two modern locks were installed during a reconstruction in 1909-18. [ErieCanal-1 photo caption]

The original locks were locks #67-#71. [Lockport via ErieCanal_Locks]

Photo by Edwin Polster via NYheritage
Also, ErieCanalway
"The Lockport Flight was one of the most challenging parts of the canal to build. The staircase of five sets of locks was blasted through the solid rock of the Niagara escarpment. The locks lift and lower boats 49-feet."
 
Erik Nordberg updated
This week’s cover is from a 1905 vintage postcard depicting the “flight of five” locks on the Erie Canal in Lockport, New York. They were refurbished and reopened in 2014 and give daily tours and weekly demonstrations of how they were designed to carry canal boats over the Niagara Escarpment.
[Erik provided five links to more information in the comments.]

The southern flight has been replaced by two larger locks for the New York Barge Canal.
HAER NY,32-LOCK,14A--7
7. OVERALL VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST TAKEN FROM RAILROAD BRIDGE LOOKING AT THE OLD AND NEW CANAL LOCKS. NOTE THE PINE STREET BRIDGE CROSSING OVER BOTH SETS OF LOCKS. - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY
"The historic flight is locks #67-#71. The New York Barge Canal flight is locks #34 & #35." [LocksDistrict

Satellite
The powerhouse near the bottom middle has a generator capacity of 4.867mw, but it has an effective capacity of 3.4mw because of the flow constraints. Average annual production is 10.8gwh. The canal is drained during the winter months. [LowImpactHydro]
The little green roofed building at the foot of the locks is the Locks District Museum. It was the original powerhouse.
 
Sue Wichers posted
Taken around 1920 by my grandparents (probably their honeymoon).  Lockport, NY - locks 34 & 35.
[Actually, it is #34, #67 and #68.]

Jake Jablonski posted two photos.
David Schug: Was at 34/35 today myself.
PD Cappola: May 19 opening.
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Ed Greenberg posted four photos with the comment: "Some more photos from Lockport this weekend."
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PD Cappola posted

HAER NY,32-LOCK,14A- (sheet 1 of 15) via Drawings
1. Significance - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY

The 60' rise in the Niagara Escarpment presented a major engineering problem during the construction of the original Erie Canal (1817-25). It was solved by Nathan S. Roberts, who designed a double set of five combined locks; one for ascending traffic heading east and another for descending traffic heading west. Each lock was 90' X 15' and had a lift of 12' (an original drawing can be found at the Lockport Library), These locks helped to create the focal point for the development of the future city of Lockport.

The first enlargement of the Erie Canal took place between the years 1836 and 1862. The engineer in charge was Thomas Evershed. At this time the canal prism was extended and the locks at Lockport were increased from their original size to 110' X 18'. This allowed an increase in the tonnage of canal boats from seventy five to two-hundred-forty.

From the years 1909 to 1918 the Erie Canal was modified to become the New York State Barge Canal. The southern tier of the locks at Lockport were removed and in their place was constructed a set of two electric lift locks. These concrete locks with steel gates were 310' X 45' X 12' and had a combined lift of 49'. The miter gates of the northern tier of locks were removed so the locks could be used for the passage of surplus water.

[HAER-data, p3]
Engraving via ErieCanal-1, this site has pages of images of these locks

G Ram, Sep 2022

S S, Jul 2022

The above scene a month earlier, but with the gates closed.
Brian Trybus, Jun 2022
 
Gil Eaton posted
Life along the Erie Canal...    Lockport 😎

Gil Eaton posted
Life along the Erie Canal...
    Lockport 😎

The above views were on the north (old) site of the flight. The following view is on the south (new, about 1915) side of the flight.
Danton Coulson posted
Between locks 34/35 and the flight of five beneath this grassy area is buried the remains of the east bound locks on the enlarged canal. beneath that is buried the original flight of five from Clintons Ditch.

Brian Trybus, Jun 2022

Bubba Dubs posted two photos of a barge containing parts for the Ralph Wilson Park Footbridge.
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John Kucko Digital posted
Footbridge on the Move:  Amazing morning here in Lockport, NY along the Erie Canal. Barge one, transporting the pedestrian bridge to Buffalo and Ralph Wilson Park there, passing through the locks, then continuing to Buffalo.

LockportCave
[A reminder that the old barges needed a towpath along the canal. I noticed that on Google Maps the towpath is now the Empire State Trail.]

Construction of the 2-lock flight was started in 1909 when electric power was still rather new. These locks helped develop technology that was used in the Panama Canal.
HAER-data, p86

HAER-data, p88
Obviously, they use sluice gates for the valves.

Starting on page HAER-data, p110, is a sequence of diagrams that show how the water in one lock is used to fill the next lock. The diagrams shows that the old flight can handle three boats at the same time.

Jim Clasquin, Aug 2020

Scott Eggert, Sep 2022

The Locks District Museum was the original hydropower plant.
mine big gut, Sep 2019

I had noticed that the bridges upstream were not movable and that they did not have a lot of clearance. So I had assumed that sailboats can't use the barge canal. But this photo taught me that they can as long as they stow their mast. This also shows a boat going from Lock #34 into Lock #35.
NewYorkUpstate, Photo by Lee Williams

This photo caught a rather strong flow through the original locks.
NewYorkUpstate, Photo by Angel Art Ltd
 
Uncovering New York posted
Riding through the historic Lockport Locks on the Erie Canal in Lockport, NY.

LockportJournal, Benjamin Joe, staff (source)
"Erie Barge Canal maintenance tour taker Brian Smith, CEO of Greater Lockport Development Corporation, points to the enormous space that is usually filled with water in Lock E34."
"According to a fact sheet provided by Canal Corporation, its parent, New York Power Authority, invests $140 million in the New York State Canal System each year for its overall operation, maintenance and capital improvements....E34 is the eighth Erie Canal lock drained this year. Each of the 57 locks in the system is treated to rehabilitation every 10 years."
[Judging by the bridge at the top of the photo, this is the downstream lock. The article indicates that the other lock is E35.]
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Seneca Chief Sea Trials



Gil Eaton posted four photos with the comment: "Life along the Erie Canal...
    Lockport. Seneca Chief 😎"
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Seneca Chief is "a traditional, full-sized replica of the Erie Canal Boat Seneca Chief, which originally opened the Erie Canal in 1825." It was built from Oct 202 to Jun 2024. It is on a "Sea Trial" from Aug 9 to 18. [BuffaloMaritimeCenter]

Jeff Tracy posted 10 photos with the comment: "The Seneca Chief was in Lockport this weekend. Before heading east towards Medina on Monday morning they maneuvered into historic lock 67 for some photo ops with the crew and volunteers from the Buffalo Maritime Center and the Lockport Locks Historic District."
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[Note the High Bridge in the background.]

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Danton Coulson posted 12 photos with the comment: "I was lucky enough to watch the Seneca Chief negotiate the Lockport Locks for the first time Saturday. Going east through the locks was a little shaky, but coming back up everyone seemed to know the drill. They tied her up in the fore bay like they had been doing it all their lives. She will be in Lockport for sunday viewing and then it's on to Medina, Brockport, and Rochester and back. This is a great week for the western end of the canal so make your plans." 
Brian R. Wroblewski shared
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Kay Green commented on Danton's post
This was Sunday [Aug 11, 2024] morning


Lock History


The canal must occupy the route of a small river. We can see the short canyon that the river dug into the escarpment just downstream from the locks.
1950 Lockport Quad @ 24,000

It is fun tracing the brown contour lines from Lockport to St. Catharines where the Welland Canals crossed the escarpment.
1952 Toronto Quad @ 250,000
 
The boat that shows up in many views is the canal inspection boat Lockport.
HAER NY,32-LOCK,14A--41
41. AFT DETAIL VIEW OF THE CANAL INSPECTION BOAT LOCKPORT ON DISPLAY OUTSIDE THE ERIE CANAL MUSEUM, WHICH WAS ORIGINALLY THE LOCK-COMPLEX POWER PLANT. 

It is worth noting what mobile crane technology looked like before the hydraulic telescoping boom was developed. Note that it is using a clamshell.
HAER NY,32-LOCK,14A--17
17. VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST SHOWING THE TRASH GRATE THAT REPLACED THE LOCK GATES TO LOCK 71 WHEN THE FLIGHT OF FIVE WAS CONVERTED TO A SPILLWAY AFTER THE LARGER LOCKS, 34 AND 35, WERE PUT INTO OPERATION. THE SHOVEL TRUCK IN THE VIEW IS USED TO CLEAR DEBRIS. 

Lockport_Locks, this is one of many photos on this page. It is well worth a mouse click, or a screen touch or whatever verb one would use for a touchpad or a joystick.



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