Monday, August 31, 2026

1925,1987 5mw O’Shaughnessy Dam and Birdge on Scioto River upstream from Columbus, OH

(Satellite)

The dam was built in 1925 as a water supply dam. [kiddle]

DelawareOhioHistory
The dam cost $1.54m and holds 6.3 billion gallons of water. 
"The project was of such a scope that a contractor was hired that had experience building metropolitan skyscrapers; the Thompson-Starrett Company was responsible for such structures as the General Motors Building in Detroit and the landmark Woolworth Building in New York City."

It is a fixed-crest dam (no gates on top). The current bridge doesn't appear to have any girders, just slabs.
Dave Neel-Surrena, Mar 2018

The dam is 1510' (460m) long with a spillway width of 802' (244m). The max discharge rate is 261kcfs. [NewarkAdvocate
261kcfs is a lot. I wonder how much the downstream river valley can handle without flooding. As the river flows to Columbus, there are some rather narrow spots in the river.

ColumbusLibrary, 1957 photo by Matthew Mosbacher Sr., no copyright
"Water spilling from the O'Shaughnessy Dam during the 1957 flood. The dam was completed June 1, 1925.  The reservoir, created by damming the Scioto River, provided a needed water source for the city. The reservoir is 912 acres in size and has 18.4 miles of shoreline. Maximum depth is over 40 feet near the dam, although much of the water is 20 feet or less."

DelawareOhioHistory, © JEFF HINCKLEY
A 5mw power plant was installed in 1987. It was abandoned in Feb 2017. $15.3m was approved in 2023 to refurbish the plant to produce electricity again.

The power plant can't be used all of the time because sometimes the flow in the river is too low. Since the main function of the dam is water supply, I expect they can run the plant only when water is going over the spillway. But of all the photos and videos I looked at, this was the only one that had a dry spillway. But photos are probably biased towards spilling water because they are more impressive. In general people will go out of their way to capture a big flow over the dam.
VisualOhio
This source puts the capacity of the spillway at 100kcfs. Although the author is careful to note that the information was provided by Google Bard AI.
[I presume that the Ferris wheel in the background is part of the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium. But I could not find that wheel using street view.]

The river downstream does appear to have good capacity because the rainstorm on Aug 21 flooded I-70 a little east of here.
usgs

Originally, the dam had a closed-spandrel arch bridge across the top.
W E Ayres postcard #123890 via Columbus Metro Library via Bridge Hunter

This was the post that motivated this research.
Facebook Reel
Victoria Vara: This dam doesn't have flood gates. It's just rolling over the normal crest.

Sunday, August 30, 2026

Erie Canal Guard Gates and 1911 Farm Bridge west of Albion, NY

Gate: (Satellite)


A Facebook comment called this Bowman's Farms Bridge, but the webpages agree that it is Lattins Farm Drive Bridge. The farm probably has had multiple owners.
 
Dennis DeBruler commented on Charlie's comment below
The gates and bridge appear to be extant, https://maps.app.goo.gl/AeGc8nifTwUrmwrQ6.

Craig Lacy posted
Set of guard gates near Medina.  They do come in handy from time to time.
Charlie Ricker: This was just west of Albion; the bridge overhead went to Bowman's farms.

HistoricBridges
"This bridge stands out among the many Erie Canal historic bridges as an example of a bridge that is not either a vertical lift bridge or a double-intersection Warren through truss. Instead, this is a multi-span Warren pony truss. The bridge also has a narrower deck width than most Erie Canal bridges. The bridge serves a dead-end road, and perhaps the light use such a bridge would be expected to receive explains why the bridge is narrow. The narrow width may also account for why a different truss design was chosen."
[The map location on this webpage is wrong. The bridge is a few blocks further west were a road crosses the canal and goes to a loop of road.]

Saturday, August 29, 2026

1957+1991 I-476 (Pennsylvania Turnpike Extension) Lehigh Tunnel and New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM)

North Portal: (Satellite)
South Portal: (Satellite)

North Portal:
Street View, Jul 2024

South Portal:
Street View, Jul 2024

This 4,461' (1360m) tunnel goes under the Blue Mountain. [GribbleNation, this webpage has photos about adding the second tube.]
This source specifies 4,300' (1311m) for the 1957 northbound tube and 4,381' (1335m) for the 1991 southbound tube.

This is another view of the north portal to emphasize the retraining walls. They had to remove the side of the hill to make room for the new 1991 southbound tube.
Street View, Jul 2025

mcall
"Construction of the second tunnel in 1989."

Daniel Kauffman posted five photos with the comment:
Pennsylvania Turnpike's...Lehigh Tunnel, Lehigh and Carbon Counties.
A foggy ride into the mountains ⛰️ 
 The only road tunnel in Pennsylvania traversed by the Appalachian Trail is located under a major ridge of the Appalachian Mountains (Blue Mountain) that separates the Pocono Mountains Region and the Lehigh Valley Region. This tunnel consists of a North bound and a South bound tunnel, constructed at different times. My photographs are of the Northern tunnel, constructed in the 1950's and is a drill and blast, rectangular-shaped tube. This tunnel is lined with tiles that have become quite a driving distraction. Tens of thousands or about 20% of the tiles have become dislodged, some say due to maintenance policies, others mention seismic activities. The Southern constructed in the 1990's and is a New Austrian Tunneling Method, oval-shaped tube. This tunnel had a  bizarre occurrence in 2018, 70 year old truck driver Howard Sexton was mortality wounded by a 10 foot section of metal electrical conduit pipe that became dislodged because of corroded steel straps that fell and crashed through his cabs window. Howard was able to control his rig and pulled to the side a mile down the highway. Blue Mountain tunnel system....
Dave Costello: I always wear a set of amber or clear SHOOTING safety glasses going through the NB side. If you want to know why, just take a look at the ceiling at all of the missing tiles and then ask yourself what happens when one of them hit your windshield while you are doing 55+ mph. Pretty obvious what’s going to happen. You are going to get a face full of glass. I also firmly believe that the Pa Turnpike Commission doesn’t want you to know this. IYKYK
1

2

3

4

5

Since there is a curve in the road and the oval portal is on the right side, this is the north portal.
Pennsylvania Things posted
BREAKING: Pennsylvania officials remind motorists that the Lehigh Tunnel is the only place where 70 mph traffic collectively agrees to slow down for absolutely no reason.
Drivers who were just fighting for their lives on the Turnpike suddenly enter the tunnel, become model citizens, grip the wheel at 10 and 2, and stare straight ahead like they’re taking their driver’s test again.
Then the second daylight appears, everyone immediately returns to felony speeds.
The Lehigh Tunnel remains undefeated.

I can't determine if this was the original north or south portal.
dr-sauer, this webpage has several photos about the construction work done between 1987 and 1991.

New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM)


The reason why the 1991 tube has an oval opening instead of the rectangular opening of the 1957 tube is that it used the New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM). NATM is still a drill-and-blast technique, but it uses techniques that reduce the cost of the support liner. First of all, only short segments are done at a time, and the design of the support liner is changed to reflect the rock that was bored through. The contract needs to be flexible to change the design as the rock conditions change. Secondly, the tunnel is removed in layers.
aates

After a segment is drilled and ballasted, a venilation system at the crown of the tube is extended to removed the harmful gases and dust. Then the debris generated by the blast, called muck, is removed.

aates
"The process of applying a thin layer of mortar on the excavated area of the tunnel is called face sealing concrete. This layer is imperative to prevent the loose material from falling. Depending on the geological conditions and stability of the exposed surface, a minimum of 30 mm to a maximum of 50 mm thickness of sealing shotcrete is typically applied."

The bore is allowed to deform to reduce stresses in the rock. But 3D instrumentation is used to measure if the deformation exceeds thresholds. If the deformation is too much, "timely interventions" are implemented. 
aates

Then a "lattice girder" is installed and a layer structural shotcrete is applied over the steelwork. The thickness of the layer is determined by an analysis of the deformation data.
aates

Finally, rock bolts are installed through the shotcrete into the surrounding rock.
aates
"The primary purpose of rock bolting is to “stitch” the rock mass and the shotcrete lining together. This integration helps control displacement and discontinuities, and improves the overall load-bearing capacity of the tunnel cross-section."

aates includes a table that compares Tunnel Boring Machine (TBM) with NATM. NATM can be better for shorter tunnels and/or tunnels with complex (variable) geology.


1978 Burnsville Dam on Little Kanawha River upstream of Burnsville, WV

(Satellite)

Street View, Oct 2025

"The dam became operational for flood control in December 1978. The dam is a combination of earthen fill and concrete structures that is 90 feet [27m] high and 1,400 feet [427m] long. The earthen fill section has an impervious clay core. The concrete section contains the spillway and outlet works." [USACE]

Aug 21, 2026:
Facebook Reel

I couldn't see any water flowing under the Radial Gates. Then I noticed the outlet works down at the river level. 
They have five sluice gates and three valves. The spillway is 126' (38m) wide. [BattleCreekEnquirer]

The reservoir was at conservation pool, so they are dumping the water from a rainstorm.
USACE

The outlets pass enough water that the public areas, including a couple of campgrounds, are closed until Aug 24. Hopefully, they cleared out the campgrounds before they were flooded. [Facebook]
Here is an example of a campground in Indiana that did not have enough warning to get their campers out.

Friday, August 28, 2026

Jay Cooke Suspension & Two Truss Bridges and 72mw Thomson Dam on St. Louis River near

Going from South to North:
1923,2013 Suspension: (Archived Bridge Hunter returns 500; Bridge Hunter; no Historic Bridges; HAERSatellite)
1906 Willard Munger Trail: (Bridge Hunter; Satellite)
1961,2012 Thompson Dam Bridge: (Bridge Hunter; Satellite)  
1907 Thompson Dam: (Satellite)

1923,2013 Jay Cooke Swinging Bridge


MINN,9-SILBRO,1--1
1. GENERAL VIEW LOOKING SOUTHEAST - Jay Cooke State Park, Pedestrian Suspension Bridge, Minnesota Highway 210, crossing St. Louis River, Thomson, Carlton County, MN

"Built 1923; destroyed by flood 2012; restored and reopened 2013" [BridgeHunter_1923]

Photo after rebuilding by mprnews via BridgeHunter_1923

Peter Millunzi, Oct 2021

Minnesota Field Guide posted
Jay Cooke State Park sits southwest of Duluth where the St. Louis River drops through a gorge of tilted slate and greywacke, and the rock formations there look unlike anything else in Minnesota. The beds run nearly vertical, jagged fins of dark stone angled up out of the riverbed at sharp angles, and the water rips through the gaps between them in a churning mess of whitewater.
That rock is around 1.9 billion years old. It started as flat layers of mud and sand on an ancient seafloor, then got compressed and shoved upward by tectonic forces until the layers stood on end. The river has been cutting down through them ever since. Walk the shoreline and you are looking at geology that predates most of the continent.
The Swinging Bridge is the park's signature. A suspension footbridge built by the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1934, hanging directly over the roughest stretch of the gorge, and yes, it moves under you. It has been rebuilt more than once, most dramatically after the June 2012 flood when a massive rain event blew out the deck and left the cables dangling. It reopened in 2013 and remains the thing everybody photographs.
The park was created in 1915 when the St. Louis River Power Company donated about 2,350 acres. It carries the name of Jay Cooke, the Philadelphia financier who bankrolled the Northern Pacific Railway and whose 1873 collapse helped touch off a national panic. The park now runs to more than 8,800 acres.
Fifty miles of trails wind through it, including a long stretch of the Superior Hiking Trail that begins here and heads north toward Canada. The Willard Munger State Trail runs paved along one edge. Silver Creek, Oldenburg Point and the Carlton Trail offer completely different terrain within a few miles of each other.
The forest here is transitional, where northern boreal species meet southern hardwoods, so you get pine and spruce sharing ground with maple and basswood. That mix makes October worth the drive on its own.
Below the gorge the river slows and widens toward the estuary that eventually opens into Lake Superior at Duluth. Above it, the water is loud enough that people on the bridge have to raise their voices.

This shows the uplift of the layered rock.
Laura Schumacker commented on the above post
May [2026]

Jason Franklin, Aug 2022

1906 Willard Munger Trail Bridge


2015 photo by John Marvig via BridgeHunter_1906

It is pin connected.
2015 photo by John Marvig via BridgeHunter_1906

Jen Deblieck, Sep 2025

F Scott, Sep 2023

john wilen, Jun 2020

1961,2012 Thompson Dam Bridge


Jen Deblieck, Sep 2025

The dam is in the left background.
john wilen, Jun 2020

Street View, Aug 2025

1907 Thompson Dam


In addition to the big spillway on the left that dumps water into the original gorge, there is a smaller one on the right.
Street View, Aug 2025

Satellite

mphydro
The 2012 flood that damaged the Jay Cooke Bridge also damaged this hydropower plant. It was back online in 2014.
[This source says 120mw is the output of their 11 hydropower plants and that this plant generates 72mw.]

This was Jun 27, 2024. 
Alison Gimpel posted
St Louis River at Thomson Dam 
Alison Gimpel Northland Photography

The 2012 flood was 50kcfs after 10" of rain whereas the 2024 flow was 20kcsfs. [PineCountyNews])

The water discharge made it easy to find the hydropower plant. It looks like it has three units and just one of them is running.
Satellite

This video is about the rocks, not why there are two spillways. He considers the Grand Canyon to be boring compared to these rocks.
17:46 video @ 17:41
Geology of the Thomson Dam spillway, Minnesota