Saturday, January 9, 2021

US-34 Bridges over Missouri River near/at Plattsmouth, NE

1930 truss: (Bridge Hunter; no Historic Bridges; HAER; Satellite)
2014 steel girder: (Satellite)

The truss bridge was rehabilitated in 2008. US-34 was not moved off of the old bridge until Oct 22, 2014 when a $115m project to build an alternate route was finished. The new bridge alone cost $61m.[RadioIowa]  The1930 toll road bridge still exists to carry local traffic.

HAER IOWA,65-PAJU.V,1--13 (CT)
3/4 VIEW FROM NORTHWEST - Plattsmouth Bridge, Spanning Missouri River at U.S. Highway 34, Pacific Junction, Mills County, IA
[It looks like the BNSF bridge needs to be painted.]

HAER IOWA,65-PAJU.V,1--5
5. 3/4 VIEW FROM NORTHEAST - Plattsmouth Bridge, Spanning Missouri River at U.S. Highway 34, Pacific Junction, Mills County, IA

"It is the oldest extant Missouri River highway bridge into Iowa....The War Department, in granting permission to build the bridge, insisted on a clear channel span of at least 400', with an unobstructed height above high water of at least 55', in order to accommodate future river traffic." Modjeski & Chase were the consulting engineers. The actual design was done by the contractor, Omaha Steel Works. "The superstructure was erected with the aid of two traveling derricks which moved along rails temporarily laid on the deck and progressing simultaneously from both ends of the bridge. Falsework was used for the anchor arms of the cantilevered portion of the superstructure, but there was no falsework underneath the main channel span. The two ends of the bridge were joined by completion of the center suspended span. This required considerable precision in both the placement of piers 1 and 2, and in the fabrication and erection of the steel. The steel for the superstructure was fabricated during that portion of the summer when temperatures averaged 90 degrees, and it was assumed that the erection would be performed during the latter part of October with an anticipated temperature of about 50 degrees, according to trends indicated by federal weather bureau reports. This meant that there could be a temperature differential of up to 40 degrees between time of fabrication and erection, thus potentially causing a variation of 3 3/4" in the length of the upper chord of the cantilevered portion of the superstructure. When the work had progressed to the point where completion of the center span was imminent, activity was delayed for several days before the ambient temperature dropped to a point allowing final connection. At that time the traveling derricks hoisted the center sections of the floor support and dropped them into place. The holes matched perfectly and the lower chord was riveted together without difficulty. Connection of the upper chord required a even lower temperature, which was reached on the following day." The bridge opened in 1930, but it wasn't until 1934 that the needed connecting roads were completely paved. Consequently, the tolls collected during the first four years were about 40% of those estimated by a traffic study that was done before the bridge was built. [HAER-data]
 
This is the new US-34 bridge that opened in Oct 2014.
Photo from RadioIowa
"Estimates show the bridge will initially carry 2,000 vehicles a day, ramping up to 11,000 vehicles a day in the years to come." [I wonder how many vehicles cross the I-80 bridges in a day. One of the articles talked about the land along the new US-34 east of US-75 becoming developed. I hope that development stops at Harlan Lewis Road because a satellite image shows that water sometimes flows over the land east of Harlan Lewis.]
The span over the navigation channel is 500'. [That has to be a long span for a steel girder bridge.]

Also from JournalStar, courtesy photo
[The content was cut&pasted from someone's press release because I've already read the text.]

On the left is the BNSF bridge before the new one was added. This truss bridge is on the right.
Don Wetmore shared
Amtrak #6 the California Zephyr exits the deep cut at Plattsmouth, Nebraska to cross the Missouri River. Before they dug the cut there was a sharp curve at the end of the bridge and the tracks ran on the far side of the bluff at left.   Photo by Don Wetmore on March 13, 1994
Cate Kratville-Wrinn: Love this too! I used to own the Plattsmouth toll bridge behind it. My great grandpa built it.

Street View
[The new BNSF bridge is peaking through the trees on the left. The roadway is just 20' wide curb to curb. [HAER-data]]

One reason to keep this bridge is that it recovered from the 2019 floods before the new bridge did! The problem was not the bridge itself, but Lambert Avenue in Iowa. They did get Lambert opened by the time that I-29 was opened. [omaha, Jun 19, 2019] Not only was the new bridge still closed when this bridge opened, the new route had been closed earlier in 2019. [KETV, May 24, 2019]

This article suggests the Plattsmouth toll bridge is still open to traffic.

http://fremonttribune.com/cass-news/news/plattsmouth-officia...

In 2007, the city of Plattsmouth bought the toll bridge for $1 from the Plattsmouth Bridge Co. and created a commission to operate and maintain it. Built in 1929, the 402-feet-long, cantilevered truss bridge cost about $700,000.

The new bridge obviously will reduce toll revenues, Portis said, but it will also reduce wear and tear on the Plattsmouth bridge, which was refurbished in 2008.

"One fully loaded (semi) truck does as much damage as 2,000 cars," he said, adding that the city would like to see more cars than trucks use the toll bridge.

He thinks semi drivers and farmers hauling grain will use the new U.S. 34 route to avoid stop-and-go traffic through Plattsmouth and save fuel, and that many Plattsmouth and Glenwood, Iowa, residents will still use the old toll bridge because it's an easy way to cross the Missouri River and saves them several miles. The toll for a car is $1.50.

[Lyon Wonder comment on Bridge Hunter]

Eighteen wheelers are motivated to avoid this bridge because of a sharp turn on the Nebraska side. Why wasn't the bridge built another 100' downstream? I guess they wanted the flatter land on top of the bluff to build the toll booth. After all, 18-wheelers did not exist in 1930.
Satellite

The Nebraska approach follows a severely winding alignment for about a quarter mile, as it ascends the bluff. A tight hairpin turn and reverse curve at the toll booth, located just west of the Nebraska abutment, is difficult for large vehicles to negotiate. Tractor-trailer rigs often have to pass on the "wrong" side of the toll house, moving into the opposing traffic lane, in order to negotiate the turn at the western portal of the bridge. Considerable damage has been done to the ornamental ironwork of the western portal by trucks attempting to make the turn. [HAER-data] 
So why was the new bridge built so far north of Plattsmouth?
Photo via IDOT

I presume that one reason was to avoid building over the Schelling Wildlife Management Area.
Satellite

Another reason was to connect with a better road in Iowa that had terminated at I-29.
Global Earth, Sep 2011

Global Earth, Sep 2013

Zooming in on the bridge building activity. It looks like it took almost as long to build those two little approach roads as it did to build the bridge.
Global Earth, Mar 2012

Global Earth, Sep 2012

Global Earth, Oct 2014



Friday, January 8, 2021

1834+1867+1890+1904 Amtrak/Pennsy High Bridges over the Brandywine River in Coatesville, PA

1904 Stone Arch Bridge: (Flickr; Bridge Hunter; Historic Bridges; Satellite)

This was the fourth bridge at this location. See below for the previous two bridges.


""The Penn Central Railroad Bridge at Coatesville is a ten-arch bridge spanning the west branch of the Brandywine Creek. Each arch is ninety-six feet high, and has stone voussoirs over its entire length. Regularly coursed rusticated stonework fills the spaces between arches; the bridge has nine piers. The bridge carries four tracks." [Historic Places Inventory via Historic Bridges]

Metrotrails posted
Historic mid 1903 image of the base of the Coates High Bridge going up, the final step of the quadruple tracking of Pennsylvania Railroad on the old main line. From Lukens Inc negatives, Library of Congress

Metrotrails posted
Historic 1904 image of the completed construction of the Coatesville High Bridge with a locomotive passing over, while the 1890 deck truss predecessor [see near the bottom of these notes] is being dismantled, from Eugene DiOrio collection. 
The 1000 ft long, 100 ft tall Viaduct over the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek took only a little over one year to build, completed in 1904.
Highly skilled Italian Stone masons, Masters of their art, were brought in by the Pennsylvania Railroad to undertake this incredible task.
The first railroad bridge to spend this Valley was that of the Philadelphia and colombia, completed here in 1834. That first Bridge was a single track, and it was rebuilt as a double track bridge in 1854.
The Pennsylvania Railroad acquired the Philadelphia and Columbia in 1857. Among the many improvements made were the replacement of this bridge with an iron deck truss structure in 1867. It was partially rebuilt with wrought iron in 1883, and then replace entirely with another metal truss bridge in 1890.
The magnificent stone arches carry trains over them daily to this day.
Dave Pember shared
 
Metrotrails
Historic 1870s W. T. Purviance stereoscopic photos of the second Coatesville High Bridge, on the Pennsylvania Railroad, over the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek. 
The Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad came through first in 1834 and constructed a wooden, single track trestle. This was rebuilt in 1854 as a double track wooden trestle.
The Pennsylvania Railroad purchased P&C in 1857, and replaced the wooden structure with the iron structure seen here a decade later. This bridge was upgraded with new wrought iron in 1883, but then replaced entirely with another similar deck truss iron bridge in 1890.
The current bridge at this site is a nearly 1,000 ft long, 8 arch stone viaduct completed in 1904. It still carries passenger trains daily.

𝗥𝗲𝗺𝗲𝗺𝗯𝗲𝗿 𝗪𝗵𝗲𝗻: 𝗣𝗲𝗻𝗻𝘀𝘆𝗹𝘃𝗮𝗻𝗶𝗮 and Ohio posted
Standing on the Coatesville Bridge • circa 1870s!
Art Suckewer: The bridge in the photo is a cast iron and wrought iron Whipple deck truss. The piers are interesting, were they raised or was the a prior, wooden truss?
Matt-Jackie Matter: Yeah, it appears as though the piers were added to.

Metrotrails posted
Historic 1904 image of the near completed construction of the Coatesville High Bridge, from Eugene DiOrio collection. 
[The rest of the description is a repeat of the above post.]
 
Metrotrails posted
Historic early 1900s image of the Coatesville High Bridge, from Railroad Museum of Pennsylvania, showing a locomotive crossing the eight arch stone viaduct completed in 1904 by the Pennsylvania Railroad. 
[The rest of the description is similar to the above.]
Dave Vollmer: That's a B60b behind that K4 so the very earliest this could have been photographed was 1925. More likely to be the 30s though.


Ed Hollowell commented on Bridge Hunter:
It occurs to me that this must have been very near the end of the era of stone construction and the start of concrete. I can name some structures in Indiana that were built in the 1905 period that were all concrete and the most remarkable part of that was the fact that the railroad they were built for was owned by a man who owned stone quarrys not far away. (Kitton Ditch Bridge)

Photo via Auntie LuAnnie

Robert Wanner commented on a post

Sixth of 80 stories after filtering out "People" on a timeline
1834: High Bridge Across the Brandywine
The High Bridge across the Brandywine River is built for the Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad, expanding marketing opportunities for Rebecca's mill
 
Fred Lannert commented on a post
Equally impressive is where the picture [of the steel mill] was taken from.
The Coatesville High Bridge is an engineering marvel.

I include the retaining wall along Lumber Street because this is the first time I have seen buttresses for a retaining wall.
Street View
.

The 1867 and 1890 Bridges


There were three predecessor bridges. The first was built in 1834 for the Philadelphia & Columbia Railroad (P&CRR) (a photo further below). The second was a cast iron truss bridge built in 1867. The third bridge was built in 1890, and the railroad was still the P&CRR. The 1904 bridge was built by Pennsy.

The description for this post also documents the bridges.
Metrotrails posted
A view west on Lumber Street in Coatesville Pa, where a coaling trestle used to cross, with the Coatesville High Bridge in view ahead.
The 1000 ft [305m] long, 100 ft [30.5m] tall Viaduct over the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek took only a little over one year to build, completed in 1904.
Highly skilled Italian Stone masons, Masters of their art, were brought in by the Pennsylvania Railroad to undertake this incredible task.
The first railroad bridge to [span] this Valley was that of the Philadelphia and colombia, completed here in 1834. That first Bridge was a single track, and it was rebuilt as a double track bridge in 1854.
The Pennsylvania Railroad acquired the Philadelphia and Columbia in 1857. Among the many improvements made were the replacement of this bridge with an iron deck truss structure in 1867. It was partially rebuilt with wrought iron in 1883, and then replace entirely with another metal truss bridge in 1890.
The magnificent stone arches carry trains over them daily to this day.

1867 Bridge (Second)


History's Mirror posted
The Coatesville Bridge, circa 1870s, is a remarkable piece of Pennsylvania's history, standing as a testament to the engineering and architectural skills of the time. Located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania, this bridge, captured in an image by WT Purviance, was part of the region’s early infrastructure that supported both transportation and commerce.
[The rest of the description is just platitudes.]
 
Metrotrails posted
Historic 1880s view of the second Pennsylvania Railroad bridge to cross the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek in Coatesville Pennsylvania, built in 1867, seen here after the Pratt deck truss was upgraded in 1883.
 
Metrotrails posted
Historic late 1870s or early 1880s view of the second Pennsylvania Railroad bridge to cross the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek in Coatesville Pennsylvania, built in 1867. From Greystone Society. 

1890 Bridge (Third)



Metrotrails posted
Historic circa 1900 view of the third Pennsylvania Railroad bridge to cross the West Branch of the Brandywine Creek in Coatesville Pennsylvania, from Greystone Society. 


Thursday, January 7, 2021

CSX/C&O Fort Springs Tunnel in Greenbrier County, WV

(Bridge Hunter; Satellite)

Marty Bernard posted three photos with the comment: "C&O 7602 Exits Fort Springs Tunnel
Roger Puta captured this sequence at Fort Springs Tunnel in Greenbrier County, West Virginia in October 1981. These really look good full screen."
1

2

3

The tunnel is nothing special. C&O had a lot of them in West Virginia. In fact there are tunnels just a few hundred feet to the West and a few hundred feet to the East. But the Chessie Cat livery is worth saving an least once in this blog. 

Wednesday, January 6, 2021

Illinois Central's Riverside & Harlem Railroad (Forest Park Branch)

The information for these notes comes from two Facebook postings: Chicago Railroad History and B&OCT.

William Shapotkin asked about the "Forest Park Branch" of the Illinois Central:
The Illinois Central once operated a line, which I understand was  known as the "Forest Park Branch." The line began at "Parkway" (26th St  west of Harlem Ave in North Riverside, IL) and headed north connecting  with the   present-day CSX (of course, we know it as B&OCT) just  north of Harrison St in Forest Park, IL. The IC referred to the north  end-of-line as "Harlem Jct," the rest-of-the-world referred to it as  "Great  Western Jct."
The line is now abandoned -- but some eight  years ago, I was able to follow and photograph the line from Parkway  north to 15th St (where the track ended). Does anyone know when the line  was removed north of 15th St? Courtesy of a fellow (Bob Lalich), we  know the line was still intact as of 1942 (see track chart below). If  anyone can shed some light (and even better a few photographs) of that  line north from 15th St -- MORE ESPECIALLY the at-grade xing of the IC  and the Chicago & West Towns streetcar line at Roosevelt Rd (aka  "12th St"), it would be greatly appreciated.
Many thanks.
Provided by Bob Lalich

David J. Leider explained:
The original name for the line was the Riverside & Harlem Railroad. It was used by the Wisconsin Central to get to the IC's lakefront station. The WC was going to build the line, but the IC insisted as they wanted to gain access to the Harlem Racetrack, which was just west of the Right-of-way. The line was incorporated April 10, 1901. Capital stock $200,000. The Village of Harlem granted them an ordinance to build the line on July 5, 1901. It was open August 30 after a skirmish with the Chicago Terminal & Transfer about crossing its tracks. The IC purchased the line October 1902.
This 1953 topo map shows what the branch looked like when it was intact.
1953 Berwyn Quadrangle @ 1:24,000
Provided by Dennis DeBruler

By 1963 it had been cut back so that it no longer crossed Roosevelt Road.
1963 Berwyn Quadrangle @ 1:24,000
Provided by Dennis DeBruler

By 1972, a spur had been added for an industrial park north of Woodlawn Cemetery. The track configuration was the same in the 1980 map, but there were more buildings in the industrial park.
1972 Berwyn Quadrangle @ 1:24,000
Provided by Dennis DeBruler

By 1993, the tracks had been removed by the Forest Park Mall.
1993 Berwyn Quadrangle @ 1:24,000
Provided by Dennis DeBruler

The last map available is 1998, and it still shows the track going north of 15th Street. I noticed that today none of the buildings in the industrial park have rail service because the track south of 15th Street has been removed. Today there is more track on this branch north of 15th Street than there is south of it.
Provided by Dennis DeBruler

The guy that drove the Google street car in this area must have been a railfan.
Provided by Dennis DeBruler

Matthews and Mann provide some insight into the industry that used to be along that branch.
Facebook

Andre Kristopans explained that when SOO (one of the many corporate names for this Wisconsin Central route) moved from Central Station to Grand Central Station, it no longer used this route. "When they went back to Central again (early 60s?) they used IHB down to Broadview."

I've lived in the western suburbs of Chicago for over four decades and never heard of Broadview. Looking at a map, I see I drive by it every time I'm willing to test the severity of the traffic jams on I-290. I highlighted in red the IHB route used to connect WC/CP/SOO/WC with IC.
Satellite plus Paint





Tuesday, January 5, 2021

MQT/CSX/C&O/PM 1903 Bridge over Grand River in Grand Rapids, MI

(Bridge Hunter; Historic Bridges; Satellite)

"Along with the few other truss bridges in the Grand Rapids area, the bridge is among the longest truss bridges in Michigan. Very few rivers in Michigan reach the size of the Grand River in this area." Originally, the bridge carried two tracks.  [Historic Bridges]

Street View
 
Photo taken by Brent Tindall in Apr 2014 via Bridge Hunter, License: Released into public domain
Upstream side from West end
[The first span was completed in 1922 and the next span was one of the original spans and it was built in 1901. We can barely see the tie rods in the pin-connected Pratt Truss of the second span. The Warren Truss span is old enough that it is still using V-lattice for the compression members.]

Brian Caswell posted
MQT 3389 (Z151) Leads a four unit short manifest North over the Grand River in downtown Grand Rapids Michigan , on its way North to Grant / 12-29-20

Tim Shannahan shared
Theodore Garofolo: Does the swing still open?
Tim Shannahan: Theodore Garofolo Nope.
Theodore Garofolo
 The requirement to accommodate navigation on the Grand River was dropped in 1907, just four years after the bridge was finished!

Dennis DeBruler commented on Tim's share
MQT is Marquette Rail that operates former Pere Marquette routes.

Dennis DeBruler commented on Tim's share
I checked the gwrr web site. It states the capacity of the MQT is 286k. That is the current standard. I'm rather surprised this bridge supports that load. I got curious as to how ubiquitous the 286k standard has become and extracted this CSX capacity map. I wonder if the little red dots are bridges. The red routes are limited to 263k with 4-axles.

Satellite plus Paint
The date information comes from Historic Bridges. I think Bridge Hunter has the 1908 and 1922 spans reversed.
 
Jonathon Leese posted
NS job B49, running as Z739 on CSX, crosses the Grand River northbound with a former Conrail GP40-2 and GP38-2 for power. On the head end of the train are gondolas full of wire for Michigan Wire in Lowell on the Grand Rapids Eastern, which burned down a few years later. Norfolk Southern's presence in Grand Rapids would disappear 2 years later when they leased their line to Watco's Grand Elk. Grand Rapids 3/29/07
Roger Riblett posted

Historic Bridges observes that the original spans do not have overhead lateral bracing, only portal bracing and struts (sway bracing). The satellite image and the following photo teach me that "lateral bracing" must mean the diagonal members in the top chord.
Photo taken by Brent Tindall in Apr 2014 via Bridge Hunter, License: Released into public domain
Looking Southeast

Historic Bridges also explains: "At first glance, the 1908 fixed span also appears identical to the 1901 fixed span. However a few minor detail differences are present. The 1901 span features vertical members with v-lacing that is a heavy-duty style common on railroad bridges where each lacing bar has no rounded ends, each end of the bar is fastened with two rivets, and lacing bars do not overlap. The 1908 span in contrast has v-lacing style that was used frequently on both highway and railroad bridges. These lacing bars feature rounded ends with a single rivet at each end, and the ends of the lacing bars overlap with their neighbor, sharing each rivet. Also, the 1908 span has overhead lateral bracing, giving it a more traditional appearance." None of Brent's photos have enough detail to show the lacing in the older spans. But it is easy to see that the 1922 span uses the "heavy-duty style" of lacing.
An excerpt from the above photo at photo resolution

As an example of the other style of lacing, here is one of my detail photos of the 1880s Old Renwick Road Truss Bridge that shows a single rivet through the ends of rounded lattice bars.
20200317 1644