1927: (Bridge Hunter; HAER)
1958: (Bridge Hunter; Historic Bridges; Satellite)2003: (Bridge Hunter; Satellite) The official name is Alfred Zampa Memorial Bridge
(Update: RoadTraffic-Technology article)
Introduction
Bridges Now and Then posted Three Carquinez Bridges, from left to right: The 2003 span, the 1927 span and the 1958 span.The 1927 span was torn down in 2007. Bridges Now and Then shared BNaT Classic |
1927
Bridges Now and Then posted Lifting the center section of the Carquinez Bridge into place at Crockett, California, 1927. (No credit found) The 1927 bridge worked alongside the 1958 bridge until the Al Zampa Bridge opened in 2003. Today, the 1958 and 2003 bridges are in service, with the 1927 bridge removed in 2007. |
Bridges Now and Then posted Lifting a span of the Carquinez Bridge, Crockett, California, c. 1927. (Worthpoint) Montana Albitre: That span is long gone now. Just it’s two younger siblings spanning the strait today. Nengue Mboko: Not long gone .. not even twenty years. Dennis DeBruler: Nengue Mboko This 1927 bridge was replaced in 1958. Today's 2003 bridge replaced the 1958 bridges. |
Photo by Craig Philpott of a Historical Display via BridgeHunter-1927 |
Old Postcard via BridgeHunter-1927 |
"At the time the Carquinez Straits Bridge opened, it was longest bridge west of the Mississippi River. (It predated the San Francisco Bay Bridge and Golden Gate Bridge by eleven years.) It was also the first bridge to be designed to resist seismic forces. The two main spans were 1100 feet in length, making it, at the time, the fourth longest cantilever bridge in the world. Construction began in 1923 and the bridge opened in 1927, replacing ferry service across the straits. The original route of The Lincoln Highway avoided the ferry crossing by coming from Stockton through Altamont Pass, then through Hayward to Oakland. Ferry service then carried the highway across the San Francisco Bay until 1938. When the Lincoln Highway was rerouted to cross the Carquinez Straits Bridge, the route was shortened by thirty miles." When I-80 was built, the second cantilever bridge was built with four lanes for the eastbound traffic. The westbound bridge was expanded from two to three narrow lanes by eliminating the pedestrian crossing. By the 21st Century, the traffic count was up to 105,000 vehicles per day. And it did not meet modern seismic standards. Rebuilding the bridge would be impractical so a new one was built, and the 1928 bridge was dismantled in 2006. [J. R. Manning via BridgeHunter-1927] Gordon Osmundson commented: "There is a serious error in your report on this bridge. It always had three lanes. One lane was for eastbound traffic and one for westbound. The center lane was for passing! Needless to say there were many head-on collisions. I have heard that this was the last such road in California. I've heard Caltrans people talk about it and I'm old enough to remember it."
HistoricBridges-articles, p1 |
The following show that both Manning and Osmundson were right: there was a passing lane and sidewalks.
HistoricBridges-articles, p4 |
Joel Windmiller posted Photo taken March 10 1927 Carquinez Bridge before placing concrete road deck. Bridges Now and Then shared Bridges Now and Then: I told this story years ago, here it is again. I hadn't been to the Bay Area for a long time, and I wasn't aware that they were building the third bridge. I got on the 1927 bridge in bad fog, headed toward SF, knowing the 1958 bridge was on my left. I just about shit myself when, in a break in the fog, I saw ANOTHER bridge to my right! I thought I'd lost my mind! Joel Bader: The Encyclopaedia Britannica had two photos of the construction of the Carquinez bridge (the original one, I assume) in its articles about bridges and bridge construction. The caption noted they were provided by D. B. Steinman, who happened to be the engineer on that bridge--and who wrote part of the Britannica article. The article also noted the central spans were lifted into their position using cables and counterweights in less than an hour each, compared to the similarly elevated central span of the Quebec Bridge, which took about four days. Scottie Demerest: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_ADlHb8PfBk |
1958
HAER CAL,48-VALL,1--6, cropped 6. View north showing both bridges (1959 on right, 1927 on left). The Crockett interchange is prominent in the bottom half of the image. - Carquinez Bridge, Spanning Carquinez Strait at Interstate 80, Vallejo, Solano County, CA |
This is the widest tower I have ever seen for a cantilever bridge. It copies the 1927 design. I wonder if that extra width was part of the seismic strength of the bridge.
Street View |
I included the solid concrete approach piers for comparison with the 2003 bridge below.
The main spans of 1,100' have a clearance of 145'. The 1927 bridge was removed three years after the 2003 bridge opened because the eastbound traffic was switched to that bridge while the 1958 bridge received a seismic retrofit. [HistoricBridges] I'm disappointed that California did not use the money that the dismantling cost to turn the 1928 bridge into a pedestrian, bike, emergency vehicles and bus bridge. (The 2003 bridge does have a 3.6 meter walkway on the west side. [ketchum])
The 1958 bridge built the suspended span in the air from both sides rather than lift a preassembled span off of barges as was done with the 1927 bridge. HistoricBridges-articles also includes a couple of articles about how a caisson was used to build the big central pier.
HistoricBridges-articles, p34 |
Several articles explained how the design used a new high-strength steel labeled T1. This steel not only allowed less steel to be used, it was more easily welded. And the use of bolts instead of rivets was rather new in 1958.
HistoricBridges-articles, p49 |
HistoricBridges-articles, p50 |
Bridges Now and Then posted Building the 1958 Carquinez Bridge, Vallejo-Crockett, California. The 1927 bridge is seen to the right. (California Highways and Public Works Magazine) |
2003
This is is the second time in two days that I have seen the cables strung past the suspension span to the ground level to reduce the height of the anchor block. (The first time was the original Chesapeake Bay Bridge.) Evidently reinforced concrete is very strong since there is no diagonal bracing in the towers. I guess if there is no bracing in the towers, I should not be surprised that there is no bracing in the piers. (I'm glad that this street view driver used the fast lane so that I can see over the side of the bridge and view the piers and anchorages.)
Street View |
ketchum provides these illustrations and descriptions of the four bridge types that were considered for the 2003 bridge.
The cable-stayed and suspension types won the first round. Below is the refined designs of these types.
1 The final cable-stayed option had three diamond-shaped concrete towers and a concrete box girder deck. Stay cables would radiate outward and downward from the tops of the towers to support the deck. |
"The suspension bridge alternative was selected for final design and construction, based on superior seismic performance, shorter construction schedule, less risk of ship impact due to fewer number of piers in the water, less maintenance on cable system, better aesthetics, and less construction risk. Projected construction costs for the two alternatives were quite similar." [ketchum]
OPAC was part of the team that performed the selection studies. Note that the OPAC design was the one that was chosen.
These are some of the details concerning the bridge design in ketchum.
The cable anchors on the north side are embedded in the bedrock.
Street View |
ketchum The segments for the steel box girder deck were made in Japan. |
Bridges Now and Then posted Dismantling the 1927 Carquinez Bridge, 2007. (Foothills Bridge) |
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