Saturday, September 17, 2022

1907-1951 Hennepin/Illinois & Mississippi Canal Overview

This canal originally had the name of the Illinois and Mississippi Canal. It was renamed in the 1960s.

This canal was not made obsolete by a railroad. Instead, it was built to relieve the price gouging by the Rock Island Railroad. [BridgeHunter, which got its information from friends]

"There are 33 locks on the canal. Thirty-two are still visible. The first one, on the Illinois River, has been under water since the 1930’s. Fourteen of the locks had Marshall gates, which are unique to the Hennepin, and are raised and lowered on a horizontal axis, much like a rural mailbox. Five of the locks have been restored to working condition, although they are not used. One of these is a Marshall Gate lock. All of the gates from the remaining locks have been replaced with concrete walls, creating a series of waterfalls. The Hennepin originally had nine aqueducts — concrete troughs which carried the canal and its traffic across larger rivers and streams. Today, six remain the other three are replaced by pipes that carry the canal flow under the creek or river the aqueduct crossed over." [friends]



Diagram via jwn

ripco
The canal is mainly a perched or diked canal, with embankments on each side and a clay liner to hold the water in.
 
Friends of the Hennepin Canal posted
Did you Know?
According to multiple sources, the Hennepin Canal's former name was the Illinois and Mississippi Canal. 
The main canal length is 75.2 miles (121.0 km), and its feeder canal is 29.3 miles (47.2 km) long. The state park spans five counties (Rock Island, Bureau, Henry, Lee and Whiteside) and is 104.5 miles (168.2 km) long. (Facts from Wikipedia. Image from Tampico Historical Society.)
Be sure to come explore what this recreational trail has to offer, even in the winter months!
Tom Winkle: I worked a total of forty one years on the Mississippi River system. One of the captains that I worked with when I started out had moved freight as a youngster on the Illinois and Mississippi. His older brother owned a small towboat, and he was contracted to pick up iron and steel ingots at Wisconsin Steel on the Calumet River, and deliver it to the International Harvester factory in the Quad Cities. [Tractors and/or Combines] Their tow was four 26' wide barges. Red said that they used to barter with the farmers along the canal for milk and butter. World War 2 ended his time on the canal when he was drafted into the Navy.

Friends of the Hennepin Canal posted
Check out this interactive map of the Hennepin Canal State Park Trail we found at 
Plan every aspect of your trip to explore the Hennepin Canal in 2024!


East Map via Friends via BureauCounty

West Map via Friends via BureauCounty

North Map via Friends via BureauCounty

USACE, Chicago District posted
https://www.lrc.usace.army.mil/Media/News-Stories/Article/3220417/hennepin-canal/
Senior Geologist, Tim Flaherty, recently gave #USACEChicago District employees a history lesson on the Hennepin Canal, and its historical significance to our district.
"Excavation in Lock #36 nearly done, and pile-driving (with horses) begun. John Killeur - contractor. A. O. Rowse - Engr. in charge Taken Nov. 1892"
"The canal was deemed an engineering success due to the complete concrete construction which was a relatively new material in America at the time. This process was so well executed, it was then adopted for the completion of the Panama Canal after the Corps took over its construction from the French in 1904. "

Chuck Edmonson posted three photos with the comment:
As far back as 1834 the idea of the Hennepin Canal was first proposed providing a shorter northern link from the Illinois River to the Mississippi near the Quad Cities, a route that would cut literally hundred of miles off the route of barge traffic to the Mississippi.
 Sadly it would be some 60 years later before construction would actual begin in 1892. Another 3 years would go by before it actually opened to traffic on April 17, 1895 from a point near Rock River Falls. By this point in time it was already somewhat obsolete as during the ensuing period railroad service across the state had blossomed into a dependable and cheap mode of transportation.
 Officially closed to commercial traffic in 1951 the canal and tow paths are now maintained by the Illinois DNR as a nature trail, a great place for a spring hike as well as limited kayak and canoe use. Most of the old locks are still present, although unused and a couple unique old 'farmer's bridges' survive.
[It is a shame that he did not identify the location of the photos.]
1

2

3

Locks, etc., for which I have written notes:

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